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Monongahela and Ohio Steamboat Company : ウィキペディア英語版
Monongahela and Ohio Steam Boat Company

The Monongahela and Ohio Steam Boat Company was the second company to conduct steamboat commerce on the rivers west of the Allegheny Mountains.〔Hunter, p. 13: "In the meantime a group men at Brownsville, some fifty miles above Pittsburgh on the Monongahela River, entered the new field, building and putting into operation several steamboats."〕 The company was founded in 1813 under the leadership of Elisha Hunt and based in Brownsville, Pennsylvania.〔Shourds〕 Daniel French designed and built the engines and power trains for both the ''Despatch'', or ''Dispatch'', and the ''Enterprise''.〔''American Telegraph'' (Brownsville, Pa.), 5 July 1815: "Last Saturday evening the Steam was first tried on the Despatch, another steam boat, lately built in Bridgeport, and owned as well as the Enterprize, by the Monongahela and Ohio Steam Boat Company. We are happy to learn that she is likely to answer the most sanguine expectations of the ingenious Mr. French, the engineer, on whose plan she is constructed."〕 During the Battle of New Orleans the shareholders of the Monongahela and Ohio Steam Boat Company sent the ''Enterprise'' to aid the American cause.〔''American Telegraph'' (Pennsylvania ), Wednesday, 14 December 1814: "The Steam Boat Enterprise of this place, which has been trading since last June in the Ohio, arrived here last Sunday afternoon. We understand that she performed the voyage from Steubenville to Pittsburgh, with a full cargo, in about three days; she made the passage from Pittsburgh to Brownsville, a distance of 65 miles, in about 17 hours. When the strength of the current is taken into consideration, it will be seen that she is equal to any boat in use. She will return to Pittsburgh in a few days, whence she will take freight and passengers, for New Orleans."〕〔Major Abraham Edwards to Secretary Monroe, 11 February 1815: "Report of the departure of boats, loaded with munitions of war, from this place () to Baton-Rouge and New Orleans and the names of persons in charge of the stores." National Archives DNA-RG 107, E-1815, microfilm 222, reel 15〕〔''Western Courier'' (Ky. ), 4 January 1815: "Passed the Falls (of the Ohio at Louisville, Ky. ) on the 28th ult. the Steam Boat Enterprise, loaded with public property, consisting of 24 pounders, carriages, shells, small arms &c. for Gen. Jackson's army."〕 In 1815, the ''Enterprise'' demonstrated for the first time by her epic 2,200-mile voyage from New Orleans to Brownsville that steamboat commerce was practical on America's western rivers.〔''Western Courier'', 1 June 1815: "Arrived in this port, in 25 days from New-Orleans, the Steam-Boat ''Enterprize'', capt. SHRIEVE. The celerity and safety with which this boat descends and ascends the currents of these mighty waters, the improvement of the navigation of which is so advantageous to the western world, must be equally interesting to the farmer and the merchant. The facility and convenience of the passage, in ascending the rivers, are such as to give a decided preference to this mode of navigation, while the size and construction of the boat entitles it to all the advantages which the ''Ætna and Vesuvius'' have in vain attempted to ''monopolize'' over the ''free'' waters of our common country."〕〔''American Telegraph'', 5 July 1815: "Arrived at this port on Monday last, the Steam Boat Enterprize, Shreve, of Bridgeport, from New Orleans, in ballast, having discharged her cargo at Pittsburgh. She is the first steam boat that ever made the voyage to the Mouth of the Mississippi and back. She made the voyage from New Orleans to this port, in fifty four days, twenty days on which were employed in loading and unloading freight at different towns on the Mississippi and Ohio, so that she was only thirty four days in active service, in making her voyage, which our readers will remember must be performed against powerful currents, and is upwards of ''two thousand two hundred miles in length.''"〕〔Hunter, p. 18: "The members of a committee of Congress reporting early in 1816 must have had the achievements of the ''Enterprise'' particularly in mind when they declared that the success of steamboat navigation on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers was no longer in doubt."〕
==Background==

In 1811, Robert Fulton and Robert R. Livingston were the first to enter the potentially lucrative field of steamboat commerce west of the Allegheny Mountains.〔Hunter, pp. 7-12〕〔Stecker〕 They established an operation in Pittsburgh, where their steamboats were also built, and another in New Orleans, the busiest port in the West.〔〔 During this age, a steamboat builder could receive a federal patent that provided both protection from being copied and the freedom to navigate any of the country's waterways.〔〔 Fulton had been granted a federal patent but so had several others, including Daniel French.〔〔 Fulton and Livingston decided to take additional measures to prevent another steamboat company from beginning operations on the western rivers.〔〔 To this end they petitioned the states bordering the western rivers for a grant of an exclusive privilege to ply their waters by steamboat.〔〔 Their requests were turned down by every state except Louisiana which granted them an exclusive privilege in 1814.〔〔 In states where they did not have an exclusive privilege, Livingston and Fulton resorted to litigation under their federal patent to prevent competition.〔''Pittsburgh Gazette'', 29 October 1813: "Fulton and Livingston have ordered a suit to be brought against Daniel French and the owners of the "Comet" for a violation of the essential part of their patent."〕

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